Space

SpaceShipTwo sets new altitude and speed records

SpaceShipTwo sets new altitude and speed records
Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo on its way to a record 71,000 ft altitude and Mach 1.4 (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo on its way to a record 71,000 ft altitude and Mach 1.4 (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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White Knight Two and SpaceShipTwo taking off at dawn (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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White Knight Two and SpaceShipTwo taking off at dawn (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
White Knight Two carrying SpaceShipTwo to an altitude of 46,000 ft (11.7 km) (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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White Knight Two carrying SpaceShipTwo to an altitude of 46,000 ft (11.7 km) (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
White Knight Two climbing with SpaceShipTwo tucked between its twin fuselages (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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White Knight Two climbing with SpaceShipTwo tucked between its twin fuselages (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
A view from White Knight Two as SS2 drops away (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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A view from White Knight Two as SS2 drops away (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SS2 dropping from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SS2 dropping from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo just post-ignition, looking down from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo just post-ignition, looking down from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo streaking into the heavens as seen from White Knight Two a few seconds after separation (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo streaking into the heavens as seen from White Knight Two a few seconds after separation (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo just prior to ignition
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SpaceShipTwo just prior to ignition
The engine sputters for 2-3 seconds during ignition (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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The engine sputters for 2-3 seconds during ignition (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
Full throttle on SpaceShipTwo (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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Full throttle on SpaceShipTwo (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo beginning to enter the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo beginning to enter the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo entering the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo entering the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo on the ground, none the worse for wear (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo on the ground, none the worse for wear (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo leaving a fiery trail in its path (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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SpaceShipTwo leaving a fiery trail in its path (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo on its way to a record 71,000 ft altitude and Mach 1.4 (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo on its way to a record 71,000 ft altitude and Mach 1.4 (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
The last puff of exhaust from SpaceShipTwo's rocket nozzle after burn-out (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
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The last puff of exhaust from SpaceShipTwo's rocket nozzle after burn-out (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
View gallery - 16 images

Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo (SS2) continues to inch toward a full suborbital test flight with its third supersonic test carried out Friday morning. The SS2 rocket engine fired for 20 seconds, pushing the suborbital spacecraft to an altitude of 71,000 ft (18 km) and a top speed over Mach 1.4, both of which were new records for SS2. The Reaction Control System, feather re-entry system, and a thermal protection coating were successfully tested during the flight.

Among other firsts, this was the first SS2 powered flight on which Virgin Galactic's Chief Pilot Dave Mackay was in command. Mackay's co-pilot was Scaled Composites' Test Pilot Mark Stucky, who had been the pilot on the first two supersonic test flights.

White Knight Two climbing with SpaceShipTwo tucked between its twin fuselages (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
White Knight Two climbing with SpaceShipTwo tucked between its twin fuselages (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

SS2 was lifted by the double-fuselage White Knight Two carrier airplane to a height of 46,000 feet (11.7 km). At that point, SS2 was dropped, and its hybrid rocket engine, capable of delivering a thrust of 60,000 lb (267 kN) for a period of 70 seconds, was fired for 20 seconds, for a top speed in excess of Mach 1.4 and a peak altitude of 71,000 ft (18 km).

A view from White Knight Two as SS2 drops away (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
A view from White Knight Two as SS2 drops away (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

The primary SS2 systems tested during this flight were the Reaction Control System (RCS) and a new thermal protection coating for the feathering fins. When an airplane is flying in the atmosphere, it controls its attitude using ailerons, elevators, and the rudder. Additional stability is provided by the wings and tail, which tend to keep the airplane flying in a constant direction.

SpaceShipTwo streaking into the heavens as seen from White Knight Two a few seconds after separation (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo streaking into the heavens as seen from White Knight Two a few seconds after separation (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

When flying a vehicle into space, an altitude is reached after which the various airfoils have no effect on the direction or orientation of the vehicle. The RCS takes over this function. Attitude control is established using a system of thrusters (essentially small rocket engines) directed by an inertial stability control system. The RCS system test provided additional data for use in optimizing the system.

SpaceShipTwo just post-ignition, looking down from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo just post-ignition, looking down from White Knight Two (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

A new thermal protection coating is now in use on the inner surfaces of the vehicle’s tail booms. These structures surround the rocket engine nozzle and its exhaust stream during powered flight. Later, they are folded forward as the SS2 takes on its feathered reentry configuration. In past flights, the vehicle skin temperatures were higher than called for in the system design, so the new reflective thermal protection coating was applied.

Full throttle on SpaceShipTwo (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
Full throttle on SpaceShipTwo (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

Always quick with a quote, Sir Richard Branson said: “I couldn’t be happier to start the New Year with all the pieces visibly in place for the start of full space flights. 2014 will be the year when we will finally put our beautiful spaceship in her natural environment of space. Today, we had our own Chief Pilot flying another flawless supersonic flight and proving the various systems required to take us safely to space, as well as providing the very best experience while we’re up there.”

Chief Pilot Mackay, who will be flying the first commercial flight on which Sir Richard and his family will be passengers, said that the flight was a “dream come true.”

SpaceShipTwo entering the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)
SpaceShipTwo entering the feathered re-entry configuration (Photo: Virgin Galactic)

“I have watched SS2 evolve over the years into an incredible vehicle that is going to open up space to more people than ever before,” he said. “To be behind the controls and fly it as the rocket ignited is something I will never forget. She flew brilliantly.”

That says it all.

Source: Virgin Galactic

View gallery - 16 images
11 comments
11 comments
zevulon
anything below 100k feet is the same. unless they were testing different functionality of the plane/glider itself.
there's been lots of talk about this virgin galactic plane, but they have not tested it at re-entry altitutdes, let alone re-entry speeds.
you put this thing up at 100 miles altitude, half that of the ISS, and when it comes back down, gravity is going to bring it to speeds above mach 4, which is only 2800 miles an hour. shockwaves and reverberations resulting from that speed cannot be tested by dropping it at 70k feet. not even close.
virgin galactic is years away from accomplishing anything of substance.
RelayerM31
"Virgin galactic is years away from accomplishing anything of substance."
What? They've already gone to space twice in the SS1. What are you talking about? The SS2 is not going to 100 miles up, it's going to 100 km up.
Personally I don't like their feathering idea. I think it puts too much stress at the joint. If it moves, it breaks. I think a nonmoving solid design would be better. Just use control jets when in space like the X-15 did.
Go Scaled Composites!
VirtualGathis
@zevulon - You have several misconceptions in your post. You state that it will be flying to 100mi. It will not fly that high. Spaceship Two is a sub orbital vehicle it flies to "space" at 62mi or 100km then glides back. The tail changes position and it presents its flat side to the air.
Spaceship one was the predecessor to this vehicle and used all the basic tech that spaceship two uses. It performed the exact same flight multiple times to win the Ansari X Prize and become the first fully commercial vehicle to achieve access to "space". It does not require the reentry shielding and hardening you mention as it never achieves a velocity high enough to cause the problems you describe.
Virgin Galactic is making incremental steps to certifying spaceship two for commercial use. That means baby steps and not EVER blowing up your crew. They are also being even more cautious than certification would require due to the ground test accident that killed several engineers.
They have achieved remarkable and substantial things. They have a road-map to suborbital commercial flight performed in small incremental steps that minimize risk to the crew and the companies investors. I imagine that SpaceX achieving orbital launches and working toward man-rated rockets kind of dwarfs the idea of suborbital work, but suborbital will occur first even at the rates the two companies are progressing. Suborbital will also offer an easier entry point for tourist than orbital flights. Even with everything SpaceX has planned for cost reduction an orbital flight would still cost millions which is huge when compared to $250K for a suborbital flight.
Paul Smith
zevulon "2014 will be the year when we will finally put our beautiful spaceship in her natural environment of space" Richard Branson
Space is beyond atmosphere, which means re-entry required. I believe Mr. Branson begs to differ with you.
gseattle
virgin galactic is years away from accomplishing anything of substance
Thanks, I'll add that to my collection...
"Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible." -- Lord Kelvin, President, Royal Society, 1895
"There is no hope for the fanciful idea of reaching the moon because of insurmountable barriers to escaping the earth's gravity" -- Dr. F. R. Moulton, University of Chicago astronomer, 1932
In 1969 the New York Times published an apology for once printing derisive comments about an inventor's theory. Robert Goddard was on the receiving end of the Time's criticism of his contention that rockets could operate in outer space. The apology was printed the day after Apollo 11 left earth orbit for the moon.
"My imagination refuses to see any sort of submarine doing anything but suffocating its crew and floundering at sea." -- Jules Verne, author of "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea", 1800's
"Computers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons." -- Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science, 1949
"I am looking for a lot of men who have an infinite capacity to not know what can't be done." -- Henry Ford
"Any significantly advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." "The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible." -- Arthur C. Clarke
In 1876 when G.G. Hubbard learned of his future son-in-law's invention, he called it "only a toy." This daughter was engaged to a young man named Alexander Graham Bell.
[...]
MattII
@zevulon This thing will never experience re-entry because it will never get into orbit, it's a sub-orbital-only craft, which allows it to keep the costs down to well below $1M per person. Rather like a Vomit Comet on steroids.
Michiel Mitchell
might be years away... yes, but still... decades in-front of any one else willing to dare.
SciFi9000
Zevulon, I don't think these guys are inventing the wheel from scratch here. The data regarding stresses, temperatures etc for reentry is available and obviously the engineers would have started with this information as the minimum design standard... I mean..do u really believe they just drew in on a white board with no design specifications?
Richard Unger
Great 18klm, only another 82Klm to go before it becomes usefull
Nelson Hyde Chick
We need to be lowering the environmental footprint of humanity and this will not help. But it warms my heart to know that Brad and Angelina will be the first celebs to copulate in zero gravity.
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